In the CCPP, each parameterization is in its own modern Fortran module, which facilitates model development and code maintenance. While some individual parameterization can be invoked for the SCM, most users will assemble the parameterizations in suites.
In addition to the physical schemes themselves, this scientific documentation also covers four modules that define physics/radiation functions, parameters and constants:
The input information for the physics includes the values of the gridbox mean prognostic variables (wind components, temperature, specific humidity, cloud fraction, water contents for cloud liquid, cloud ice, rain, snow, graupel, and ozone concentration), the provisional dynamical tendencies for the same variables and various surface fields, both fixed and variable.
The time integration of the physical suites is based on the following:
do_sat_adj=
.true.), it is invoked at shorter timesteps along with the dynamical solver.The CCPP includes the suite GFS_v15p2, which has the same parameterizations used in the GFS v15 implemented operationally in June 2019, and suite GFS_v16beta, i.e., the beta version of the suite planned for GFS v16 to be implemented operationally in 2021. Suite GFS_v16beta is identical to Suite GFS_v15p2 except for an update in the PBL parameterization (Han et al. 2019 [73] ). Additionally, CCPP v4.1.0 includes two developmental suites which are undergoing testing to inform future implementations of the UFS. Suite csawmg differs from GFS_v15p2 as it contains different convection and microphysics schemes made available through a NOAA Climate Process Team (CPT) with components developed at multiple research centers and universities, including Colorado State, Utah, NASA, NCAR, and EMC. Suite GSD_v1 differs from GFS_v15p2 as it uses the convection, microphysics, and boundary layer schemes employed in the Rapid Refresh (RAP) and High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR [22] ) operational models and was assembled by NOAA/GSD. An assessment of an earlier version of these suites can be found in the UFS portal and in the DTC website . Two variant suites labelled as no_nsst are simplification of GFS_v15p2 and GFS_v16beta. This simplification is needed when the UFS is initialized with files in GRIdded Binary Edition 2 (GRIB2) format instead of files in NOAA Environmental Modeling System (NEMS) Input/Output (NEMSIO) format because the fields necesary to predict (SST) are not available in the GRIB2 files.
Table 1. Physics suites option included in this documentation.