radiation_astronomy.f

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!  ==========================================================  !!!!!
!          'module_radiation_astronomy'  description           !!!!!
!  ==========================================================  !!!!!
!                                                                      !
!   set up astronomy quantities for solar radiation calculations.      !
!                                                                      !
!   in module 'module_radiation_astronomy', externally accessable      !
!   subroutines are listed below:                                      !
!                                                                      !
!      'sol_init'   -- initialization                                  !
!         input:                                                       !
!           ( me )                                                     !
!         output:                                                      !
!           ( none )                                                   !
!                                                                      !
!      'sol_update' -- update astronomy related quantities             !
!         input:                                                       !
!           ( jdate,kyear,deltsw,deltim,lsol_chg, me )                 !
!         output:                                                      !
!           ( slag,sdec,cdec,solcon )                                  !
!                                                                      !
!      'coszmn'     -- compute cosin of zenith angles                  !
!         input:                                                       !
!           ( xlon,sinlat,coslat,solhr,IM, me )                        !
!         output:                                                      !
!           ( coszen,coszdg )                                          !
!                                                                      !
!                                                                      !
!   external modules referenced:                                       !
!       'module physparam'                  in 'physparam.f'           !
!       'module physcons'                   in 'physcons.f'            !
!                                                                      !
!   program history log:                                               !
!   - a collection of programs to track solar-earth position           !
!     may  1977  ---  ray orzol    (gfdl) created program compjd to    !
!          computes julian day and fraction from year,month,dayand,time!
!     jun  1977  ---  robert white (gfdl) created program cdate to     !
!          computes calendar month, day, year from julian day value.   !
!     jul  1977  ---  robert white (gfdl) created program solar to     !
!          computes radius vector, declination and right ascension of  !
!          sun, equation of time, hour angle, fractional daylight, and !
!          latitudinal mean zenith angle.                              !
!     fall 1988  ---  hualu pan,  updated to limit the iterations in   !
!          newton method and also ccr reduced to avoid non-convergence.!
!     jul  1989  ---  kenneth campana  modified subr solar and created !
!          subr zenith for computations of effective mean cosz and     !
!          daylight fraction.                                          !
!     oct  1990  ---  yu-tai hou      created subr coszmn to replace   !
!          the latitudinal mean cosz by time mean cosz at grid points. !
!     may  1998  ---  mark iredell    y2k compliance                   !
!     dec  2003  ---  yu-tai hou      combined compjd and fcstim and   !
!          rewritten programs in fortran 90 compatable modular form.   !
!     feb  2006  ---  yu-tai hou      add 11-yr solar constant cycle   !
!     mar  2009  ---  yu-tai hou      modified solinit for climate     !
!          hindcast situation responding to ic time.                   !
!     aug  2012  ---  yu-tai hou      modified coszmn to allows sw     !
!          radiation calling interval less than 1 hr limit and linked  !
!          model time step with numb of cosz evaluations. also changed !
!          the initialization subroutine 'solinit' into two parts:     !
!          'sol_init' is called at the start of run to set up module   !
!          parameters; and 'sol_update' is called within the time      !
!          loop to check and update data sets.                         !
!     nov  2012  ---  yu-tai hou      modified control parameters thru !
!          model 'physparam'.                                          !
!     jan  2013  ---  yu-tai hou      modified to include new solar    !
!          constant tables (noaa_a0, noaa_an, cmip_an, cmip_mn)        !
!                                                                      !
!!!!!  ==========================================================  !!!!!
!!!!!                       end descriptions                       !!!!!
!!!!!  ==========================================================  !!!!!


!========================================!
      module module_radiation_astronomy  !
!........................................!
!
      use physparam,         only : isolar, solar_file, kind_phys
      use physcons,          only : con_solr, con_solr_old, con_pi
      use module_iounitdef,  only : niradsf
!
      implicit   none
!
      private

!  ---  version tag and last revision date
      character(40), parameter ::                                       &
     &   VTAGAST='NCEP-Radiation_astronomy v5.2  Jan 2013 '
!    &   VTAGAST='NCEP-Radiation_astronomy v5.1  Nov 2012 '

!  ---  parameter constants
      real (kind=kind_phys), parameter :: degrad = 180.0/con_pi
      real (kind=kind_phys), parameter :: tpi    = 2.0 * con_pi
      real (kind=kind_phys), parameter :: hpi    = 0.5 * con_pi
      real (kind=kind_phys), parameter :: f12    = 12.0
      real (kind=kind_phys), parameter :: f3600  = 3600.0
      real (kind=kind_phys), parameter :: czlimt = 0.0001      ! ~ cos(89.99427)
!     real (kind=kind_phys), parameter :: pid12  = con_pi/f12  ! angle per hour
      real (kind=kind_phys), parameter :: pid12  = (2.0*asin(1.0))/f12

!  ---  module variables (to be set in subr sol_init):
      real (kind=kind_phys), public    :: solc0 = con_solr
      integer   :: isolflg = 10
      character(26) :: solar_fname = ' '

!  ---  module variables (to be set in subr sol_update):
      real (kind=kind_phys) :: sollag=0.0   ! equation of time
      real (kind=kind_phys) :: sindec=0.0   ! sineof the solar declination angle
      real (kind=kind_phys) :: cosdec=0.0   ! cosine of the solar declination angle
      real (kind=kind_phys) :: anginc=0.0   ! solar angle incrmt per iteration for cosz calc
      real (kind=kind_phys) :: smon_sav(12) ! saved monthly solar constants (isolflg=4 only)
      data smon_sav(1:12) / 12*con_solr /

      integer               :: iyr_sav =0   ! saved year  of data used
      integer               :: nstp    =6   ! total number of zenith angle iterations

      public  sol_init, sol_update, coszmn


! =================
      contains
! =================

!-----------------------------------
      subroutine sol_init                                               &
!...................................
!  ---  inputs:
     &     ( me )
!  ---  outputs: ( none )

!  ===================================================================  !
!                                                                       !
!  initialize astronomy process, set up module constants.               !
!                                                                       !
!  inputs:                                                              !
!     me      - print message control flag                              !
!                                                                       !
!  outputs:  (to module variable)                                       !
!     ( none )                                                          !
!                                                                       !
!  external module variable: (in physparam)                             !
!   isolar    - = 0: use the old fixed solar constant in "physcon"      !
!               =10: use the new fixed solar constant in "physcon"      !
!               = 1: use noaa ann-mean tsi tbl abs-scale with cyc apprx !
!               = 2: use noaa ann-mean tsi tbl tim-scale with cyc apprx !
!               = 3: use cmip5 ann-mean tsi tbl tim-scale with cyc apprx!
!               = 4: use cmip5 mon-mean tsi tbl tim-scale with cyc apprx!
!   solar_file- external solar constant data table                      !
!                                                                       !
!  internal module variable:                                            !
!   isolflg   - internal solar constant scheme control flag             !
!   solc0     - solar constant  (w/m**2)                                !
!   solar_fname-file name for solar constant table assigned based on    !
!               the scheme control flag, isolflg.                       !
!                                                                       !
!  usage:    call sol_init                                              !
!                                                                       !
!  subprograms called:  none                                            !
!                                                                       !
!  ===================================================================  !
!
      implicit none

!  ---  input:
      integer,  intent(in) :: me

!  ---  output: ( none )

!  ---  local:
      logical :: file_exist
!
!===>  ...  begin here
!
      if ( me == 0 ) print *, vtagast    !print out version tag

!  ---  initialization
      isolflg = isolar
      solc0   = con_solr
      solar_fname = solar_file
      iyr_sav = 0
      nstp    = 6

      if ( isolar == 0 ) then
        solc0   = con_solr_old
        if ( me == 0 ) then
          print *,' - Using old fixed solar constant =', solc0
        endif
      elseif ( isolar == 10 ) then
        if ( me == 0 ) then
          print *,' - Using new fixed solar constant =', solc0
        endif
      elseif ( isolar == 1 ) then        ! noaa ann-mean tsi in absolute scale
        solar_fname(15:26) = 'noaa_a0.txt'

        if ( me == 0 ) then
          print *,' - Using NOAA annual mean TSI table in ABS scale',   &
     &            ' with cycle approximation (old values)!'
        endif

        inquire (file=solar_fname, exist=file_exist)
        if ( .not. file_exist ) then
          isolflg = 10

          if ( me == 0 ) then
            print *,'   Requested solar data file "',solar_fname,       &
     &              '" not found!'
            print *,'   Using the default solar constant value =',solc0,&
     &              ' reset control flag isolflg=',isolflg
          endif
        endif
      elseif ( isolar == 2 ) then        ! noaa ann-mean tsi in tim scale
        solar_fname(15:26) = 'noaa_an.txt'

        if ( me == 0 ) then
          print *,' - Using NOAA annual mean TSI table in TIM scale',   &
     &            ' with cycle approximation (new values)!'
        endif

        inquire (file=solar_fname, exist=file_exist)
        if ( .not. file_exist ) then
          isolflg = 10

          if ( me == 0 ) then
            print *,'   Requested solar data file "',solar_fname,       &
     &              '" not found!'
            print *,'   Using the default solar constant value =',solc0,&
     &              ' reset control flag isolflg=',isolflg
          endif
        endif
      elseif ( isolar == 3 ) then        ! cmip5 ann-mean tsi in tim scale
        solar_fname(15:26) = 'cmip_an.txt'

        if ( me == 0 ) then
          print *,' - Using CMIP5 annual mean TSI table in TIM scale',  &
     &            ' with cycle approximation'
        endif

        inquire (file=solar_fname, exist=file_exist)
        if ( .not. file_exist ) then
          isolflg = 10

          if ( me == 0 ) then
            print *,'   Requested solar data file "',solar_fname,       &
     &              '" not found!'
            print *,'   Using the default solar constant value =',solc0,&
     &              ' reset control flag isolflg=',isolflg
          endif
        endif
      elseif ( isolar == 4 ) then        ! cmip5 mon-mean tsi in tim scale
        solar_fname(15:26) = 'cmip_mn.txt'

        if ( me == 0 ) then
          print *,' - Using CMIP5 monthly mean TSI table in TIM scale', &
     &            ' with cycle approximation'
        endif

        inquire (file=solar_fname, exist=file_exist)
        if ( .not. file_exist ) then
          isolflg = 10

          if ( me == 0 ) then
            print *,'   Requested solar data file "',solar_fname,       &
     &              '" not found!'
            print *,'   Using the default solar constant value =',solc0,&
     &              ' reset control flag isolflg=',isolflg
          endif
        endif
      else                               ! selection error
        isolflg = 10

        if ( me == 0 ) then
          print *,' - !!! ERROR in selection of solar constant data',   &
     &            ' source, ISOL =',isolar
          print *,'   Using the default solar constant value =',solc0,  &
     &              ' reset control flag isolflg=',isolflg
        endif
      endif       ! end if_isolar_block
!
      return
!...................................
      end subroutine sol_init
!-----------------------------------

!-----------------------------------
      subroutine sol_update                                             &
!...................................
!  ---  inputs:
     &     ( jdate,kyear,deltsw,deltim,lsol_chg, me,                    &
!  ---  outputs:
     &       slag, sdec, cdec, solcon                                   &
     &      )

!  ===================================================================  !
!                                                                       !
!  sol_update computes solar parameters at forecast time                !
!                                                                       !
!  inputs:                                                              !
!     jdate(8)- ncep absolute date and time at fcst time                !
!                (yr, mon, day, t-zone, hr, min, sec, mil-sec)          !
!     kyear   - usually kyear=jdate(1). if not, it is for hindcast mode,!
!               and it is usually the init cond time and serves as the  !
!               upper limit of data can be used.                        !
!     deltsw  - time duration in seconds per sw calculation             !
!     deltim  - timestep in seconds                                     !
!     lsol_chg- logical flags for change solar constant                 !
!     me      - print message control flag                              !
!                                                                       !
!  outputs:                                                             !
!    slag          - equation of time in radians                        !
!    sdec, cdec    - sin and cos of the solar declination angle         !
!    solcon        - sun-earth distance adjusted solar constant (w/m2)  !
!                                                                       !
!                                                                       !
!  module variable:                                                     !
!   solc0   - solar constant  (w/m**2) not adjusted by earth-sun dist   !
!   isolflg - solar constant control flag                               !
!             = 0: use the old fixed solar constant                     !
!             =10: use the new fixed solar constant                     !
!             = 1: use noaa ann-mean tsi tbl abs-scale with cycle apprx !
!             = 2: use noaa ann-mean tsi tbl tim-scale with cycle apprx !
!             = 3: use cmip5 ann-mean tsi tbl tim-scale with cycle apprx!
!             = 4: use cmip5 mon-mean tsi tbl tim-scale with cycle apprx!
!   solar_fname-external solar constant data table                      !
!   sindec  - sine of the solar declination angle                       !
!   cosdec  - cosine of the solar declination angle                     !
!   anginc  - solar angle increment per iteration for cosz calc         !
!   nstp    - total number of zenith angle iterations                   !
!   smon_sav- saved monthly solar constants (isolflg=4 only)            !
!   iyr_sav - saved year  of data previously used                       !
!                                                                       !
!  usage:    call sol_update                                            !
!                                                                       !
!  subprograms called:  solar, prtime                                   !
!                                                                       !
!  external functions called: iw3jdn                                    !
!                                                                       !
!  ===================================================================  !
!
      implicit none

!  ---  input:
      integer, intent(in) :: jdate(:), kyear, me
      logical, intent(in) :: lsol_chg

      real (kind=kind_phys), intent(in) :: deltsw, deltim

!  ---  output:
      real (kind=kind_phys), intent(out) :: slag, sdec, cdec, solcon

!  ---  locals:
      real (kind=kind_phys), parameter :: hrday = 1.0/24.0    ! frc day/hour
      real (kind=kind_phys), parameter :: minday= 1.0/1440.0  ! frc day/minute
      real (kind=kind_phys), parameter :: secday= 1.0/86400.0 ! frc day/second

      real (kind=kind_phys) :: smean, solc1, dtswh, smon(12)
      real (kind=kind_phys) :: fjd, fjd1, dlt, r1, alp

      integer :: jd, jd1, iyear, imon, iday, ihr, imin, isec
      integer :: iw3jdn
      integer :: i, iyr, iyr1, iyr2, jyr, nn, nswr, icy1, icy2, icy

      logical :: file_exist
      character :: cline*60
!
!===>  ...  begin here
!
!  --- ...  forecast time
      iyear = jdate(1)
      imon  = jdate(2)
      iday  = jdate(3)
      ihr   = jdate(5)
      imin  = jdate(6)
      isec  = jdate(7)

      if ( lsol_chg ) then   ! get solar constant from data table

        if ( iyr_sav == iyear ) then   ! same year, no new reading necessary
          if ( isolflg==4 ) then
            solc0 = smon_sav(imon)
          endif
        else                           ! need to read in new data
          iyr_sav = iyear

!  --- ...  check to see if the solar constant data file existed

          inquire (file=solar_fname, exist=file_exist)
          if ( .not. file_exist ) then
            print *,' !!! ERROR! Can not find solar constant file!!!'
            stop
          else
            iyr = iyear

            close(niradsf)
            open (niradsf,file=solar_fname,form='formatted',            &
     &                    status='old')
            rewind niradsf

            read (niradsf, * ) iyr1,iyr2,icy1,icy2,smean,cline(1:60)
!           read (NIRADSF, 24) iyr1,iyr2,icy1,icy2,smean,cline
! 24        format(4i5,f8.2,a60)

            if ( me == 0 ) then
              print *,'  Updating solar constant with cycle approx'
              print *,'   Opened solar constant data file: ',solar_fname
!check        print *, iyr1, iyr2, icy1, icy2, smean, cline
            endif

!  --- ...  check if there is a upper year limit put on the data table

!           if ( iyear /= kyear ) then
!             icy = icy1 - iyr1 + 1    ! range of the earlest cycle in data table
!             if ( kyear-iyr1 < icy ) then ! need data range at least icy years
                                           ! to perform cycle approximation
!               if ( me == 0 ) then
!                 print *,'  *** the requested year',iyear,' and upper',&
!    &                  'limit',kyear,' do not fit the range of data ', &
!    &                  'table of iyr1, iyr2 =',iyr1,iyr2
!                 print *,'      USE FIXED SOLAR CONSTANT=',con_solr
!               endif
!               solc0 = con_solr
!               isolflg = 10

!             elseif ( kyear < iyr2 ) then

!  --- ...  because the usage limit put on the historical data table,
!           skip those unused data records at first

!               i = iyr2
!               Lab_dowhile0 : do while ( i > kyear )
!                 read (NIRADSF,26) jyr, solc1
! 26              format(i4,f10.4)
!                 read (NIRADSF,*) jyr, solc1
!                 i = i - 1
!               enddo Lab_dowhile0

!               iyr2 = kyear   ! next record will serve the upper limit

!             endif   ! end if_kyear_block
!           endif   ! end if_iyear_block

!  --- ...  checking the cycle range

            if ( iyr < iyr1 ) then
              icy = icy1 - iyr1 + 1    ! range of the earlest cycle in data table
              lab_dowhile1 : do while ( iyr < iyr1 )
                iyr = iyr + icy
              enddo lab_dowhile1

              if ( me == 0 ) then
                print *,'   *** Year',iyear,' out of table range!',     &
     &                  iyr1, iyr2
                print *,'       Using the closest-cycle year (',iyr,')'
              endif
            elseif ( iyr > iyr2 ) then
              icy = iyr2 - icy2 + 1    ! range of the latest cycle in data table
              lab_dowhile2 : do while ( iyr > iyr2 )
                iyr = iyr - icy
              enddo lab_dowhile2

              if ( me == 0 ) then
                print *,'   *** Year',iyear,' out of table range!',     &
     &                  iyr1, iyr2
                print *,'       Using the closest-cycle year (',iyr,')'
              endif
            endif

!  --- ...  locate the right record for the year of data

            if ( isolflg < 4 ) then        ! use annual mean data tables
              i = iyr2
              lab_dowhile3 : do while ( i >= iyr1 )
!               read (NIRADSF,26) jyr, solc1
! 26            format(i4,f10.4)
                read (niradsf,*) jyr, solc1

                if ( i == iyr .and. iyr == jyr ) then
                  solc0  = smean + solc1

                  if (me == 0) then
                    print *,' CHECK: Solar constant data used for year',&
     &                       iyr, solc1, solc0
                  endif
                  exit lab_dowhile3
                else
!check            if(me == 0) print *,'  Skip solar const data for yr',i
                  i = i - 1
                endif
              enddo   lab_dowhile3
            elseif ( isolflg == 4 ) then   ! use monthly mean data tables
              i = iyr2
              lab_dowhile4 : do while ( i >= iyr1 )
!               read (NIRADSF,26) jyr, smon(:)
! 26            format(i4,12f10.4)
                read (niradsf,*) jyr, smon(1:12)

                if ( i == iyr .and. iyr == jyr ) then
                  do nn = 1, 12
                    smon_sav(nn) = smean + smon(nn)
                  enddo
                  solc0  = smean + smon(imon)

                  if (me == 0) then
                    print *,' CHECK: Solar constant data used for year',&
     &                      iyr,' and month',imon
                  endif
                  exit lab_dowhile4
                else
!check            if(me == 0) print *,'  Skip solar const data for yr',i
                  i = i - 1
                endif
              enddo   lab_dowhile4
            endif    ! end if_isolflg_block

            close ( niradsf )
          endif      ! end if_file_exist_block

        endif    ! end if_iyr_sav_block
      endif   ! end if_lsol_chg_block

!  --- ...  calculate forecast julian day and fraction of julian day

      jd1 = iw3jdn(iyear,imon,iday)

!  --- ...  unlike in normal applications, where day starts from 0 hr,
!           in astronomy applications, day stats from noon.

      if (ihr < 12) then
        jd1 = jd1 - 1
        fjd1= 0.5 + float(ihr)*hrday + float(imin)*minday               &
     &            + float(isec)*secday
      else
        fjd1= float(ihr - 12)*hrday + float(imin)*minday                &
     &            + float(isec)*secday
      endif

      fjd1  = fjd1 + jd1

      jd  = int(fjd1)
      fjd = fjd1 - jd

      call solar                                                        &
!  ---  inputs:
     &     ( jd, fjd,                                                   &
!  ---  outputs:
     &       r1, dlt, alp                                               &
     &     )

!  --- ...  calculate sun-earth distance adjustment factor appropriate to date
      solcon = solc0 / (r1*r1)

      slag   = sollag
      sdec   = sindec
      cdec   = cosdec

!  --- ...  diagnostic print out

      if (me == 0) then

        call prtime                                                     &
!  ---  inputs:
     &     ( jd, fjd, dlt, alp, r1, solcon )
!  ---  outputs: ( none )

      endif

!  --- ...  setting up calculation parameters used by subr coszmn

      nswr  = nint(deltsw / deltim)         ! number of mdl t-step per sw call
      dtswh = deltsw / f3600                ! time length in hours

      if ( deltsw >= f3600 ) then           ! for longer sw call interval
        nn   = max(6, min(12, nint(f3600/deltim) ))   ! num of calc per hour
        nstp = nint(dtswh) * nn + 1                   ! num of calc per sw call
      else                                  ! for shorter sw sw call interval
        nstp = max(2, min(20, nswr)) + 1
!       nn   = nint( float(nstp-1)/dtswh )
      endif

      anginc = pid12 * dtswh / float(nstp-1)          ! solar angle inc during each calc step

      if ( me == 0 ) then
        print *,'   for cosz calculations: nswr,deltim,deltsw,dtswh =', &
     &          nswr,deltim,deltsw,dtswh,'  anginc,nstp =',anginc,nstp
      endif

!     if (me == 0) print*,'in sol_update completed sr solar'
!
      return
!...................................
      end subroutine sol_update
!-----------------------------------

!-----------------------------------
      subroutine solar                                                  &
!...................................
!  ---  inputs:
     &     ( jd, fjd,                                                   &
!  ---  outputs:
     &       r1, dlt, alp                                               &
     &     )

!  ===================================================================  !
!                                                                       !
!  solar computes radius vector, declination and right ascension of     !
!  sun, and equation of time.                                           !
!                                                                       !
!  inputs:                                                              !
!    jd       - julian day                                              !
!    fjd      - fraction of the julian day                              !
!                                                                       !
!  outputs:                                                             !
!    r1       - earth-sun radius vector                                 !
!    dlt      - declination of sun in radians                           !
!    alp      - right ascension of sun in radians                       !
!                                                                       !
!  module variables:                                                    !
!    sollag   - equation of time in radians                             !
!    sindec   - sine of declination angle                               !
!    cosdec   - cosine of declination angle                             !
!                                                                       !
!  usage:    call solar                                                 !
!                                                                       !
!  external subroutines called: none                                    !
!                                                                       !
!  ===================================================================  !
!
      implicit none

!  ---  inputs:
      real (kind=kind_phys), intent(in) :: fjd
      integer,               intent(in) :: jd

!  ---  outputs:
      real (kind=kind_phys), intent(out) :: r1, dlt, alp

!  ---  locals:
      real (kind=kind_phys), parameter :: cyear = 365.25   ! days of year
      real (kind=kind_phys), parameter :: ccr   = 1.3e-6   ! iteration limit
      real (kind=kind_phys), parameter :: tpp   = 1.55     ! days between epoch and
                                                           ! perihelion passage of 1900
      real (kind=kind_phys), parameter :: svt6  = 78.035   ! days between perihelion passage
                                                           ! and march equinox of 1900
      integer,               parameter :: jdor  = 2415020  ! jd of epoch which is january
                                                           ! 0, 1900 at 12 hours ut

      real (kind=kind_phys) :: dat, t1, year, tyear, ec, angin, ador,   &
     &       deleqn, sni, tini, er, qq, e1, ep, cd, eq, date, em,       &
     &       cr, w1, tst, sun

      integer               :: jdoe, iter

!===>  ...  begin here

! --- ...  computes time in julian centuries after epoch

      t1 = float(jd - jdor) / 36525.0

! --- ...  computes length of anomalistic and tropical years (minus 365 days)

      year = 0.25964134e0 + 0.304e-5 * t1
      tyear= 0.24219879e0 - 0.614e-5 * t1

! --- ...  computes orbit eccentricity and angle of earth's inclination from t

      ec   = 0.01675104e0 - (0.418e-4 + 0.126e-6 * t1) * t1
      angin= 23.452294e0 - (0.0130125e0 + 0.164e-5 * t1) * t1

      ador = jdor
      jdoe = ador + (svt6 * cyear) / (year - tyear)

! --- ...  deleqn is updated svt6 for current date

      deleqn= float(jdoe - jd) * (year - tyear) / cyear
      year  = year + 365.0
      sni   = sin( angin / degrad )
      tini  = 1.0 / tan( angin / degrad )
      er    = sqrt( (1.0 + ec) / (1.0 - ec) )
      qq    = deleqn * tpi / year

! --- ...  determine true anomaly at equinox

      e1    = 1.0
      cd    = 1.0
      iter  = 0

      lab_do_1 : do while ( cd > ccr )

        ep    = e1 - (e1 - ec*sin(e1) - qq) / (1.0 - ec*cos(e1))
        cd    = abs(e1 - ep)
        e1    = ep
        iter  = iter + 1

        if (iter > 10) then
          write(6,*) ' ITERATION COUNT FOR LOOP 32 =', iter
          write(6,*) ' E, EP, CD =', e1, ep, cd
          exit lab_do_1
        endif

      enddo  lab_do_1

      eq   = 2.0 * atan( er * tan( 0.5*e1 ) )

! --- ...  date is days since last perihelion passage

      dat  = float(jd - jdor) - tpp + fjd
      date = mod(dat, year)

! --- ...  solve orbit equations by newton's method

      em   = tpi * date / year
      e1   = 1.0
      cr   = 1.0
      iter = 0

      lab_do_2 : do while ( cr > ccr )

        ep   = e1 - (e1 - ec*sin(e1) - em) / (1.0 - ec*cos(e1))
        cr   = abs(e1 - ep)
        e1   = ep
        iter = iter + 1

        if (iter > 10) then
          write(6,*) ' ITERATION COUNT FOR LOOP 31 =', iter
          exit lab_do_2
        endif

      enddo  lab_do_2

      w1   = 2.0 * atan( er * tan( 0.5*e1 ) )

      r1   = 1.0 - ec*cos(e1)

      sindec = sni * sin(w1 - eq)
      cosdec = sqrt( 1.0 - sindec*sindec )

      dlt  = asin( sindec )
      alp  = asin( tan(dlt)*tini )

      tst  = cos( w1 - eq )
      if (tst < 0.0) alp = con_pi - alp
      if (alp < 0.0) alp = alp + tpi

      sun  = tpi * (date - deleqn) / year
      if (sun < 0.0) sun = sun + tpi
      sollag = sun - alp - 0.03255e0
!
      return
!...................................
      end subroutine solar
!-----------------------------------

!-----------------------------------
      subroutine coszmn                                                 &
!...................................
!  ---  inputs:
     &     ( xlon,sinlat,coslat,solhr, im, me,                          &
!  ---  outputs:
     &       coszen, coszdg                                             &
     &     )

!  ===================================================================  !
!                                                                       !
!  coszmn computes mean cos solar zenith angle over sw calling interval !
!                                                                       !
!  inputs:                                                              !
!    xlon  (IM)    - grids' longitudes in radians, work both on zonal   !
!                    0->2pi and -pi->+pi arrangements                   !
!    sinlat(IM)    - sine of the corresponding latitudes                !
!    coslat(IM)    - cosine of the corresponding latitudes              !
!    solhr         - time after 00z in hours                            !
!    IM            - num of grids in horizontal dimension               !
!    me            - print message control flag                         !
!                                                                       !
!  outputs:                                                             !
!    coszen(IM)    - average of cosz for daytime only in sw call interval
!    coszdg(IM)    - average of cosz over entire sw call interval       !
!                                                                       !
!  module variables:                                                    !
!    sollag        - equation of time                                   !
!    sindec        - sine of the solar declination angle                !
!    cosdec        - cosine of the solar declination angle              !
!    anginc        - solar angle increment per iteration for cosz calc  !
!    nstp          - total number of zenith angle iterations            !
!                                                                       !
!  usage:    call comzmn                                                !
!                                                                       !
!  external subroutines called: none                                    !
!                                                                       !
!  ===================================================================  !
!
      implicit none

!  ---  inputs:
      integer, intent(in) :: IM, me

      real (kind=kind_phys), intent(in) :: sinlat(:), coslat(:),        &
     &       xlon(:), solhr

!  ---  outputs:
      real (kind=kind_phys), intent(out) :: coszen(:), coszdg(:)

!  ---  locals:
      real (kind=kind_phys) :: coszn, cns, ss, cc, solang, rstp

      integer :: istsun(im), i, it, j, lat

!===>  ...  begin here

      solang = pid12 * (solhr - f12)         ! solar angle at present time
      rstp = 1.0 / float(nstp)

      do i = 1, im
        coszen(i) = 0.0
        istsun(i) = 0
      enddo

      do it = 1, nstp
        cns = solang + float(it-1)*anginc + sollag

        do i = 1, im
          ss  = sinlat(i) * sindec
          cc  = coslat(i) * cosdec

          coszn = ss + cc * cos(cns + xlon(i))
          coszen(i) = coszen(i) + max(0.0, coszn)
          if (coszn > czlimt) istsun(i) = istsun(i) + 1
        enddo
      enddo

!  --- ...  compute time averages

      do i = 1, im
        coszdg(i) = coszen(i) * rstp
        if (istsun(i) > 0) coszen(i) = coszen(i) / istsun(i)
      enddo
!
      return
!...................................
      end subroutine coszmn
!-----------------------------------

!-----------------------------------
      subroutine prtime                                                 &
!...................................
!  ---  inputs:
     &     ( jd, fjd, dlt, alp, r1, solc                                &
!  ---  outputs: ( none )
     &     )

!  ===================================================================  !
!                                                                       !
!  prtime prints out forecast date, time, and astronomy quantities.     !
!                                                                       !
!  inputs:                                                              !
!    jd       - forecast julian day                                     !
!    fjd      - forecast fraction of julian day                         !
!    dlt      - declination angle of sun in radians                     !
!    alp      - right ascension of sun in radians                       !
!    r1       - earth-sun radius vector in meter                        !
!    solc     - solar constant in w/m^2                                 !
!                                                                       !
!  outputs:   ( none )                                                  !
!                                                                       !
!  module variables:                                                    !
!    sollag   - equation of time in radians                             !
!                                                                       !
!  usage:    call prtime                                                !
!                                                                       !
!  external subroutines called: w3fs26                                  !
!                                                                       !
!  ===================================================================  !
!
      implicit none

!  ---  inputs:
      integer, intent(in) :: jd

      real (kind=kind_phys), intent(in) :: fjd, dlt, alp, r1, solc

!  ---  outputs: ( none )

!  ---  locals:
      real (kind=kind_phys), parameter :: sixty  = 60.0

      character(LEN=1),     parameter :: sign   = '-'
      character(LEN=1),     parameter :: sigb   = ' '

      character(LEN=1)     :: dsig
      character(LEN=4)     :: month(12)

      data month / 'JAN.','FEB.','MAR.','APR.','MAY ','JUNE',           &
     &             'JULY','AUG.','SEP.','OCT.','NOV ','DEC.' /

      integer               :: iday, imon, iyear, ihr, ltd, ltm,        &
     &                         ihalp, iyy, jda, mfjd, idaywk, idayyr
      real (kind=kind_phys) :: xmin, dltd, dltm, dlts, halp, ymin,      &
     &                         asec, eqt, eqsec

!===>  ...  begin here

!  --- ...  get forecast hour and minute from fraction of julian day

      if (fjd >= 0.5) then
        jda = jd + 1
        mfjd= nint( fjd*1440.0 )
        ihr = mfjd / 60 - 12
        xmin= float(mfjd) - (ihr + 12)*sixty
      else
        jda = jd
        mfjd= nint( fjd*1440.0 )
        ihr = mfjd / 60 + 12
        xmin= float(mfjd) - (ihr - 12)*sixty
      endif

!  --- ...  get forecast year, month, and day from julian day

      call w3fs26(jda, iyear,imon,iday, idaywk,idayyr)

!  -- ...  compute solar parameters

      dltd = degrad * dlt
      ltd  = dltd
      dltm = sixty * (abs(dltd) - abs(float(ltd)))
      ltm  = dltm
      dlts = sixty * (dltm - float(ltm))

      if ((dltd < 0.0) .and. (ltd == 0.0)) then
        dsig = sign
      else
        dsig = sigb
      endif

      halp = 6.0 * alp / hpi
      ihalp= halp
      ymin = abs(halp - float(ihalp)) * sixty
      iyy  = ymin
      asec = (ymin - float(iyy)) * sixty

      eqt  = 228.55735 * sollag
      eqsec= sixty * eqt

      print 101, iday, month(imon), iyear, ihr, xmin, jd, fjd
 101  format('0 FORECAST DATE',9x,i3,a5,i6,' AT',i3,' HRS',f6.2,' MINS'/&
     &       '  JULIAN DAY',12x,i8,2x,'PLUS',f11.6)

      print 102, r1, halp, ihalp, iyy, asec
 102  format('  RADIUS VECTOR',9x,f10.7/'  RIGHT ASCENSION OF SUN',     &
     &       f12.7,' HRS, OR',i4,' HRS',i4,' MINS',f6.1,' SECS')

      print 103, dltd, dsig, ltd, ltm, dlts, eqt, eqsec, sollag, solc
 103  format('  DECLINATION OF THE SUN',f12.7,' DEGS, OR ',a1,i3,       &
     &       ' DEGS',i4,' MINS',f6.1,' SECS'/'  EQUATION OF TIME',6x,   &
     &       f12.7,' MINS, OR',f10.2,' SECS, OR',f9.6,' RADIANS'/       &
     &       '  SOLAR CONSTANT',8x,f12.7,' (DISTANCE AJUSTED)'//)

!
      return
!...................................
      end subroutine prtime
!-----------------------------------

!
!...........................................!
      end module module_radiation_astronomy !
!===========================================!